CBAA had a learning-by-doing approach and was carrying out pilot projects to reduce the impacts of climate change on the most vulnerable communities. Working with local partners and national bodies such as the meteorological services, the project researched what people were already doing to adapt to climate change. These communities, with CBAA’s project partners, then identified ways to enhance existing adaptation knowledge and then scale up.
As part of this process CBAA decided to use participatory video and monitoring and evaluation (PV M&E) to enable the community to record the impacts of climate change and the local adaptation knowledge using their own words and voices. In addition to amplifying community voices, the PV for M&E activity also aimed to enhance accountability, support action research, strengthen communication between the NGOs and the communities, and help generate and archive local knowledge.
CLICK HERE to watch one of the films and CLICK HERE for a photostory of the process.
The training in each of the 4 countries lasted 12 days and worked with an average of 11-12 trainees. Most of them were community members (approximately three quarters) and the rest were staff involved with the CBAA project.
Each partner and coordinating Non-governmental organisation (NGO) was invited to choose the participatory M&E tool that was best for their process. In Kenya, The African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS) selected Results-Based Management while ZERO (Regional Environmental Organization Zimbabwe) chose to use a Performance Monitoring framework and CURE in Malawi chose a matrix built on participatory indicators. In South Africa, the monitoring & evaluation framework was developed after the Participatory Video training and was applied in the form of a participatory GIS mapping and baseline. To learn about M&E tools, CLICK HERE.
The training took place in five parts:
1. Workshop space: PV and M&E training
2. Field work: Filming & reflection in the community
3. Editing: Putting the films together
4. Screening: Screening back to the communities for reflection & approval
5. Design phase for follow up plans: planning the monitoring process
Each training followed a different course in each country and established a visual baseline of the situation on the ground. The NGOs and trainees then continued monitoring according to their individual calendars, for example getting images on progress of harvest after every short dry season, documenting floods and interviewing farmers. This allowed them to document changes over time. A final evaluation by the staff and the community trainees took place in Kenya, using Most Significant Change (MSC) and participatory video. To learn more about MSC, CLICK HERE.
"We've learned so much we didn't know about this community through this workshop. The socio-economic surveys we did earlier in the project just didn't give us this kind of information."
Dan Ong’or, Director of Huai Lake Forum, Kenya.
"This is the most participatory workshop I've ever attended, I'm going to try to replicate this approach in everything I do now."
Charles Tonui, researcher at ACTS, Kenya
"I feel empowered and happy. I knew everything about the equipment!"
Joseph Ayugi, Wakesi Kenya.
“We've never had so many people show up for our focus groups discussions, even when we covered more villages. This is an incredible turn out and we're getting a lot of new input from people we've never been able to reach before."
Shepard Zvigadza, Director of Zimbabwe Environment Regional Organisation (ZERO)
"When we showed the film to the local authority, they were surprised. They hadn't realised that climate change was actually impacting communities in their constituencies. It really made them realise they had to do something, now."
Charles Tonui, ACTS Kenya
"Now I understand why I should give up the camera to the community! I didn't know they would be able to do this... now I can learn from them!"
Tom Omyango, coordinator of programs at Huai Lake Forum, Kenya
"I really want to keep working with video in the future to record more different voices and demands from community."
Michael, Huai Lake Forum, Kenya
"Participatory video can be a good tool to allow various marginalized groups and especially women to share freely, and thus to listen to the diversity of perspectives that can greatly enhance learning. The method also allows women to share their stories and views from a safe place, with the comfort of being in charge of what will actually be shared with a wider audience."
Shannon Parring, Indigo, South Africa
“Even though the project overall has been a great opportunity to develop this tool alongside each country partner, because we were creating something totally new, it also presented several challenges. As in any participatory research process, demanding time from community needs to be managed carefully and it can be difficult for communities to see the benefits of knowledge gathering while their basic needs are so pressing. With the monitoring process, it would have been unreasonable to ask the community to keep filming a strict set of indicators following a rigid calendar for a period of over one year. We therefore created a flexible calendar with a loose set of indicators gathered in broad categories. This wasn't as systematic as traditional logical frameworks would normally be, but it suited the context and purpose of the activity. It was also decided that the Community-Based Organisations staff, being closest to the communities would visit the villages at the agreed periods and facilitate the filming of indicators. With hindsight, the calendar should have actually been done in a circular format rather than a linear one (more intuitive for communities living a life dictated by seasons). The matrix were also further simplified with time, making the filming activity more accessible and manageable for the facilitators.”
Isabelle Lemaire, Programmes Director InsightShare
"We've learned so much we didn't know about this community through this workshop. The socio-economic surveys we did earlier in the project just didn't give us this kind of information."
Dan Ong’or, Director of Huai Lake Forum, Kenya.
"This is the most participatory workshop I've ever attended, I'm going to try to replicate this approach in everything I do now."
Charles Tonui, researcher at ACTS, Kenya